In this randomized trial on dietary substitution, researchers quantified metabolic measures for 554 participants at 6 time points.
As this study was a long running randomized trial, it avoids a lot of the bias from previous observational studies on dietary effects. Findings indicate that dietary interventions reducing saturated fat intake may lead to favorable metabolic outcomes (e.g. in terms of known and novel blood biomarkers for CVD and type 2 diabetes disease risk), through childhood to adolescence.