Biomarkers

Explore the biomarkers provided in Nightingale's research analysis services for blood, urine, cord blood, and cerebrospinal fluid. Each biomarker panel comes as a package and is analyzed from a single sample. When you order our service, you get all biomarkers listed under that panel.

Collapse groups

Amino acids

Alanine
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
mmol/l
Glutamine
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
mmol/l
Glycine
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
Histidine
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
mmol/l
Lysine
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
mmol/l
Taurine
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
Threonine
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
Tryptophan
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine

Branched-chain amino acids

Isoleucine
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
mmol/l
Leucine
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
mmol/l
Total concentration of branched-chain amino acids (leucine + isoleucine + valine)
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Valine
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
mmol/l

Aromatic amino acids

Phenylalanine
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
mmol/l
Tyrosine
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
mmol/l

Apolipoproteins

Apolipoprotein A1
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
g/l
CB
Cord blood
g/l
Apolipoprotein B
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
g/l
CB
Cord blood
g/l
Ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
ratio
CB
Cord blood
ratio

Cholesterol

Clinical LDL cholesterol
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
HDL cholesterol
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
LDL cholesterol
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Remnant cholesterol (non-HDL, non-LDL -cholesterol)
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Total cholesterol
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Total cholesterol minus HDL-C
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
VLDL cholesterol
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l

Cholesteryl esters

Cholesteryl esters in HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Total esterified cholesterol
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l

Dietary metabolites

2-Furoylglycine
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
Arabinose
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
Ascorbate
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
mmol/l
Ethanol
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
Fructose
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
mmol/l
HPHPA
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
Mannitol
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
Proline betaine *
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
Propylene glycol *
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
Quinic acid
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
Sucrose
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
trans-Aconitate
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
Xanthosine
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
Xylose
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine

Fatty acids

Degree of unsaturation
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
degree
CB
Cord blood
degree
Docosahexaenoic acid
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Linoleic acid
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Monounsaturated fatty acids
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Omega-3 fatty acids
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Omega-6 fatty acids
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Saturated fatty acids
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Total fatty acids
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l

Fatty acid ratios

Ratio of docosahexaenoic acid to total fatty acids
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
CB
Cord blood
%
Ratio of linoleic acid to total fatty acids
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
CB
Cord blood
%
Ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
CB
Cord blood
%
Ratio of omega-3 fatty acids to total fatty acids
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
CB
Cord blood
%
Ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
ratio
CB
Cord blood
ratio
Ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to total fatty acids
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
CB
Cord blood
%
Ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
ratio
CB
Cord blood
ratio
Ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
CB
Cord blood
%
Ratio of saturated fatty acids to total fatty acids
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
CB
Cord blood
%

Fluid balance

Albumin
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
g/l
CB
Cord blood
g/l
Creatinine
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
U
Urine
mmol/l
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
mmol/l

Free cholesterol

Free cholesterol in HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Total free cholesterol
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l

Glycolysis related metabolites

cis-Aconitate
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
Citrate 2
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
mmol/l
Glucose
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
mmol/l
Glycerol 1
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Lactate
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
mmol/l
Myo-Inositol
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
mmol/l
Pyruvate
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
mmol/l

Inflammation

Glycoprotein acetyls
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l

Ketone bodies

3-Hydroxybutyrate
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
mmol/l
Acetate
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
mmol/l
Acetoacetate
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Acetone
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l

Lipoprotein particle concentrations

Concentration of HDL particles
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Concentration of LDL particles
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Concentration of VLDL particles
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Total concentration of lipoprotein particles
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l

Lipoprotein particle sizes

Average diameter for HDL particles
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
nm
CB
Cord blood
nm
Average diameter for LDL particles
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
nm
CB
Cord blood
nm
Average diameter for VLDL particles
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
nm
CB
Cord blood
nm

Lipoprotein subclasses

Chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL (particle diameters from 75 nm upwards)

Cholesterol in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Concentration of chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL particles
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Phospholipids in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Total lipids in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Triglycerides in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l

Very large VLDL (average diameter 64 nm)

Cholesterol in very large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in very large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Concentration of very large VLDL particles
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in very large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Phospholipids in very large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Total lipids in very large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Triglycerides in very large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l

Large VLDL (average diameter 53.6 nm)

Cholesterol in large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Concentration of large VLDL particles
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Phospholipids in large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Total lipids in large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Triglycerides in large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l

Medium VLDL (average diameter 44.5 nm)

Cholesterol in medium VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in medium VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Concentration of medium VLDL particles
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in medium VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Phospholipids in medium VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Total lipids in medium VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Triglycerides in medium VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l

Small VLDL (average diameter 36.8 nm)

Cholesterol in small VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in small VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Concentration of small VLDL particles
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in small VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Phospholipids in small VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Total lipids in small VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Triglycerides in small VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l

Very small VLDL (average diameter 31.3 nm)

Cholesterol in very small VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in very small VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Concentration of very small VLDL particles
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in very small VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Phospholipids in very small VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Total lipids in very small VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Triglycerides in very small VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l

IDL (average diameter 28.6 nm)

Cholesterol in IDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in IDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Concentration of IDL particles
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in IDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Phospholipids in IDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Total lipids in IDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Triglycerides in IDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l

Large LDL (average diameter 25.5 nm)

Cholesterol in large LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in large LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Concentration of large LDL particles
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in large LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Phospholipids in large LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Total lipids in large LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Triglycerides in large LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l

Medium LDL (average diameter 23 nm)

Cholesterol in medium LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in medium LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Concentration of medium LDL particles
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in medium LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Phospholipids in medium LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Total lipids in medium LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Triglycerides in medium LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l

Small LDL (average diameter 18.7 nm)

Cholesterol in small LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in small LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Concentration of small LDL particles
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in small LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Phospholipids in small LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Total lipids in small LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Triglycerides in small LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l

Very large HDL (average diameter 14.3 nm)

Cholesterol in very large HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in very large HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Concentration of very large HDL particles
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in very large HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Phospholipids in very large HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Total lipids in very large HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Triglycerides in very large HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l

Large HDL (average diameter 12.1 nm)

Cholesterol in large HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in large HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Concentration of large HDL particles
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in large HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Phospholipids in large HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Total lipids in large HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Triglycerides in large HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l

Medium HDL (average diameter 10.9 nm)

Cholesterol in medium HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in medium HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Concentration of medium HDL particles
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in medium HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Phospholipids in medium HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Total lipids in medium HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Triglycerides in medium HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l

Small HDL (average diameter 8.7 nm)

Cholesterol in small HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in small HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Concentration of small HDL particles
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in small HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Phospholipids in small HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
Total lipids in small HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Triglycerides in small HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l

Microbial metabolism

3-Hydroxyhippurate
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
Dimethylamine
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
Trimethylamine N-oxide
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine

Miscellaneous

2-Hydroxybutyrate
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
mmol/l
2-Hydroxyisobutyrate
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
2-Hydroxyisovalerate
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
mmol/l
2-Ketoisovalerate
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
mmol/l
3-Hydroxyisobutyrate
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
mmol/l
3-Hydroxyisovalerate
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
mmol/l
4-Deoxyerythronic acid
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
4-Deoxythreonate
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
4-Hydroxyhippurate
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
Allantoin
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
Creatine
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
mmol/l
Ethanolamine
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
Formate
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
mmol/l
Glycolate
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
Hypoxanthine
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
Indoxyl Sulfate
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
Mannose
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
mmol/l
Pseudouridine
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
Pyroglutamate
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
Urea 3
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
mmol/l

Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism

1-Methylnicotinamide
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
Trigonelline
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine

Other lipids

Phosphatidylcholines
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Phosphoglycerides
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Ratio of triglycerides to phosphoglycerides
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
ratio
CB
Cord blood
ratio
Sphingomyelins
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Total cholines
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l

Phenylalanine metabolism

Hippurate
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine

Phospholipids

Phospholipids in HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Phospholipids in LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Phospholipids in VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Total phospholipids in lipoprotein particles
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l

Pyrimidine metabolism

3-Aminoisobutyrate
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine
Uracil
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
U
Urine
mmol/l & ratio to creatinine

Relative lipoprotein lipid concentrations

Chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL ratios

Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%

Very large VLDL ratios

Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in very large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in very large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in very large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%

Large VLDL ratios

Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in large VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%

Medium VLDL ratios

Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in medium VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in medium VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in medium VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in medium VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in medium VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%

Small VLDL ratios

Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in small VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in small VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in small VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in small VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in small VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%

Very small VLDL ratios

Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very small VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in very small VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very small VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in very small VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in very small VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%

IDL ratios

Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in IDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in IDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in IDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in IDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in IDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%

Large LDL ratios

Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in large LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in large LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in large LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%

Medium LDL ratios

Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in medium LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in medium LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in medium LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in medium LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in medium LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%

Small LDL ratios

Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in small LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in small LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in small LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in small LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in small LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%

Very large HDL ratios

Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very large HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in very large HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very large HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in very large HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in very large HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%

Large HDL ratios

Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in large HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in large HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in large HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%

Medium HDL ratios

Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in medium HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in medium HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in medium HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in medium HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in medium HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%

Small HDL ratios

Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in small HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in small HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in small HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in small HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in small HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
%

Total lipids

Total lipids in HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Total lipids in LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Total lipids in lipoprotein particles
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Total lipids in VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l

Triglycerides

Total triglycerides
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Triglycerides in HDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Triglycerides in LDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l
Triglycerides in VLDL
B
CB
U
CSF
Open
Available forMeasurement units
B
Blood
mmol/l
CB
Cord blood
mmol/l

Download our biomarker lists

Blood →
Cord blood →
Urine →
CSF →

Publications

Read more how these biomarkers have enabled scientific discoveries in over 450 publications
*
Biomarker on urine platform is tentative and subject to change
1
Biomarker is not available for EDTA plasma samples on blood or cord blood
2
Biomarker is not available for Citrate plasma samples on blood or cord blood platform
3
Biomarker not available for 150 µl volume on CSF platform
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